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Labor (55) Crossbench (5) * Greens (1) * KAP (1) * PUP (1) * Independent (2)〔Current independent MPs: Andrew Wilkie (Denison) and Cathy McGowan (Indi).〕 |structure2 = |structure2_res = 250px |political_groups2 = Government (33) Coalition (33) Liberal (23) LNP (6) 〔4 LNP Senators sit in the Liberal party room and 2 in the National party room〕 Nationals (3) CLP (1) Opposition (25) Labor (25) Crossbench (18) Greens (10) Family First (1) LDP (1) Motoring (1) Palmer (1) Independent (4)〔Current independent Senators: Nick Xenophon, ex-DLP Senator John Madigan and ex-PUP Senators Jacqui Lambie and Glenn Lazarus.〕 |last_election1 = 7 September 2013 |last_election2 = 7 September 2013 (half) |session_room = Parliament of Canberra.jpg |meeting_place = Parliament House Canberra, ACT, Australia |website = }} The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, commonly referred to as the Australian Parliament, Commonwealth Parliament or the Federal Parliament, is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the Queen, the Senate and the House of Representatives.〔Constitution of Australia, section 1.〕 The Queen is represented by the Governor-General.〔Constitution of Australia, section 2.〕 The combination of two elected houses, in which the members of the Senate represent the six States and the two major self-governing Territories while the members of the House represent electoral divisions according to population, is modelled on the United States Congress. Through both houses, however, there is a fused executive, drawn from the Westminster System.〔.〕 The upper house, the Senate, consists of 76 members: twelve for each state, and two each for the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Senators are elected using a form of proportional voting. The lower house, the House of Representatives, currently consists of 150 members, who represent districts known as electoral divisions (commonly referred to as "electorates" or "seats"). Each division elects one member using compulsory preferential voting. The two Houses meet in separate chambers of Parliament House on Capital Hill in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The present Parliament is the 44th Federal Parliament of the Federation. The most recent federal election was held on 7 September 2013 and the House first sat on 12 November. The Liberal/National Coalition won 90 seats out of 150 and formed the government. Labor hold 55 seats and form the opposition. The Australian Greens, Palmer United Party and Katter's Australian Party each hold a single seat, while the remaining two are held by independents. In the current Senate, the Liberal/National Coalition government holds 33 seats and the Australian Labor Party opposition has 25 seats. The crossbench of 18 consists of ten Greens seats, with one each for the Palmer United Party, the Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party, the Liberal Democrats, and the Family First Party and four independents: Nick Xenophon, John Madigan, Jacqui Lambie and Glenn Lazarus. The Coalition requires six non-Coalition Senators to pass legislation. ==History== The Commonwealth Parliament was opened on 9 May 1901 in Melbourne, Victoria by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall and York, later King George V. The only building in Melbourne that was large enough to accommodate the 14,000 guests was the western annex of the Royal Exhibition Building. Thereafter, from 1901 to 1927, the Parliament met in Parliament House, Melbourne, which it borrowed from the Parliament of Victoria (which sat, instead, in the Royal Exhibition Building until 1927). The western annexe was demolished in the 1960s. However, it had always been intended that the national Parliament would sit in a new national capital.〔Constitution of Australia, section 125: "The seat of Government of the Commonwealth shall be determined by the Parliament, and shall be within territory which shall have been granted to or acquired by the Commonwealth, and shall be vested in and belong to the Commonwealth, and shall be in the State of New South Wales, and be distant not less than one hundred miles from Sydney. Such territory shall contain an area of not less than one hundred square miles, and such portion thereof as shall consist of Crown lands shall be granted to the Commonwealth without any payment therefor. The Parliament shall sit at Melbourne until it meet at the seat of Government."〕 On 9 May 1927, it moved to the new national capital of Canberra, where it met in what is now called Old Parliament House. Intended to be temporary, this building was to house the Parliament for more than 60 years. The new and permanent Parliament House was opened on 9 May 1988 by Queen Elizabeth II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parliament of Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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